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AIM: To investigate the bacterial flora and antibiotic susceptibility testing of conjunctival sac in adolescents after wearing orthokeratology(OK)lens.METHODS:A total of 101 adolescents aged 8 to 14 who admitted to outpatient department of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022 were recruited in this cross-sectional observational study. There were 51 cases wearing OK Lens(wearing group)and 50 patients not wearing contact lens(non-lens group), the right eye of all patients was selected into the group. The culture of bacterial flora in conjunctival sac between the two groups were compared, the species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out for the positive strains cultured in the wearing group.RESULTS:The positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial cultured in the wearing group and the non-lens group was 68.6%(35/51)and 60.0%(30/50), respectively(P>0.05). In both groups, the bacteria with the highest detection rate were staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity rates of the strains detected in the wearing group to drugs are as follows: Levofloxacin(98%), Moxifloxacin(98%), Gatifloxacin(98%), Cefuroxime(98%), Cefathiamidine(98%), Rifampicin(98%), Chloramphenicol(96%), Cefoxitin(95%), Clindamycin(80%), Gentamicin(74%), Fusidic acid(72%), Tobramycin(64%), Compound sulfamethoxazole(26%), Mezlocillin(10%), Azithromycin(6%), of which the sensitivity rate of Gram-positive cocci was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive cocci are the main bacteria isolated from conjunctival sac of adolescents after wearing OK Lens. Wearing OK Lens will not significantly increase the positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial flora. Results of antibiotic susceptibility testing may provide guidance for empirical medication in patients wearing OK lens after eye infection.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a) in hydroquinone-induced hematopoietic stem cell toxicity.@*METHODS@#Cells (HSPC-1) were divided into 4 groups, that is A: normal HSPC-1; B: HQ-intervented HSPC-1; C: group B + pcDNA3 empty vector; D: group B + pcDNA3- DNMT3a. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of DNMT3a and PARP-1 mRNA and protein, respectively. Cell morphology was observe; Cell viability and apoptosis rate of HSPC-1 were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group A, the expression levels of DNMT3a mRNA and protein in HSPC-1 of group B were decreased, while PARP-1 mRNA and protein were increased (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the above indexes between group C and group B; compared with group B, the expression levels of DNMT3a mRNA and protein showed increased, while PARP-1 mRNA and protein were decreased significantly in cells of group D transfected with DNMT3a (P<0.05). Cells in each group were transfected with DNMT3a and cultured for 24 h, HSPC-1 in group A showed high density growth and mononuclear fusion growth, while the number of HSPC-1 in group B and C decreased and grew slowly. Compared with group B and C, the cell growth rate of group D was accelerated. The MTT analysis showed that cell viability of HSPC-1 in group B were lower than that of group A at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05); after transfected with DNMT3a, the cell viability of HSPC-1 in group D were higher than that of group B at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of cells in group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.001), while the apoptosis rate in group D was lower than that of group B (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#DNMT3a may be involved in the damage of hematopoietic stem cells induced by hydroquinone, which may be related to the regulation of PARP-1 activity by hydroquinone-inhibited DNMT3a.
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Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , DNA Methyltransferase 3A , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects , Hydroquinones/toxicity , Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 , RNA, Messenger/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of silencing DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1) to the methylation of the promoter of the tumor suppressor gene wnt-1 (WIF-1) in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells.@*METHODS@#DNMT1 siRNAi plasmid was constructed and DNMT1 siRNAi was transfected into CML K562 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of DNMT1 gene and related protein, and methylation PCR was used to detect WIF-1 gene promoter methylation level. The trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay were used to detect the cell proliferation, flow cytometry were used to detect the cell apoptosis rate, colony formation assay was used to detect cell colony formation ability. Expression of Wnt/β- catenin and its downstream signaling pathway proteins were detected by Western blot after DNMT1 gene was silenced.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of DNMT1 mRNA and its related protein in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group and negative control group (P<0.05). After 72 hours of successful transfection, the WIF-1 gene in the control group and negative control group were completely methylated, while in the experimental group, the methylation level significantly decreased. The results of MSP showed that the PCR product amplified by the unmethylated WIF-1 primer in the experimental group increased significantly,while by the methylated WIF-1 primer decreased significantly. After 48 h of transfection, the OD value, viable cell number and colony formation of the cells in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the negative control group and the control group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of the cells in experimental group was significantly higher than those in the negative control group and control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of β- actin, myc, cyclin D1 and TCF-1 in K562 cells in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the negative control group and control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Silencing DNMT1 gene can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of K562 cells. The mechanism may be related to reverse the hypermethylation level of the WIF-1 gene promoter, thereby inhibit the activity of the Wnt/β- catenin signaling pathway.
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Humans , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , DNA Methylation , K562 Cells , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Repressor Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the infuences on circadian rhythm of blood pressure in the patients with non-dipper essential hypertension between the combined treatment of time acupuncture and western medication and the simple western medication.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients with non-dipper essential hypertension were randomized into an acupuncture plus western medication group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped out) and a western medication group (35 cases). In the western medication group, levamlodipine maleate tablets were taken orally, 2.5 mg each time, once daily. In the acupuncture plus western medication group, on the base of the treatment as the western medication group, acupuncture was applied specially in the period of the day from 7:00 am to 9:00 am. The acupoints included Fengchi (GB 20), Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. Acupuncture was given once daily, 5 treatments a week. The duration of treatment in the two groups was 4 weeks. The clinic blood pressure before and after treatment, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and the levels of serum melatonin (MT) and 5-serotonin (5-HT) were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate of anti-hypertension was 75.8% (25/33) in the acupuncture plus western medication group, better than 54.3% (19/35) in the western medication group (<0.05). The 24 h average systolic blood pressure, the daytime average systolic blood pressure, the daytime average diastolic pressure, and the nighttime average systolic blood pressure were all reduced after treatment in the two groups (<0.05). The reduction effect of the aforementioned 4 indexes in the acupuncture plus western medication group was much more obvious as compared with the western medication group (<0.05). After treatment, the serum level of MT was increased and 5-HT decreased in the patients of two groups (<0.05). The serum level of MT in the acupuncture plus western medication group was higher than that in the western medication group and the level of 5-HT was lower than the western medication group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Time acupuncture therapy in the period of the day from 7:00 am to 9:00 am, combined with western medication effectively reduce blood pressure and regulate the levels of serum MT and 5-HT so as to maintain the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with non-dipper essential hypertension. The therapeutic effect of this combined treatment is superior to simple western medication.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Circadian Rhythm , Essential Hypertension , Therapeutics , PeriodicityABSTRACT
@#AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma.<p>METHODS: Thirty-three patients(35 eyes)with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma and cataract were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital from May 2018 to November 2018. The best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central anterior chamber depth, angle-opening distance at 500μm from the scleral spur, trabecular iris angle, angle closure or adhesion were compared between preoperative and postoperative 6mo.<p>RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity of 34 eyes(97%)was improved after operation. 27 eyes(77%)did not need any intraocular pressure lowering drugs after operation, and the intraocular pressure was kept below 21mmHg. The average value of anterior chamber depth, angle-opening distance at 500μm from the scleral spur and trabecular iris angle(2.04±0.31mm, 0.132±0.033μm, 15.44°±3.10°)before operation were significantly lower than the postoperative mean values(3.26±0.29mm, 0.407±0.038μm, 34.26°±3.60°). The range of angle closure or adhesion decreased after operation, and the difference was statistically significant. <p>CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and goniosynechialysis is an effective way to treat primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of modified Yuquanwan combined with Taohong Siwutang on major cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetes and its effect on inflammatory factors and endothelial function. Method:One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into control group (80 cases) and observation group (80 cases) by random number table. The control group was given Tianqi Jiangtang capsule 5 tablets/time,3 times/day. Bothgroups were taken orally. aspirin enteric-coated tablets, 0.1 g/time,1 time/day, insulin for injection or oral antidiabetic, simvastatin tablets, 20 mg/time, 1 time/day, and irbesartan tablets, 150 mg/time, 1 time/day.patients in observation group were added with modified Yuquanwan combined with Taohong Siwutang for 24 weeks, 1 dose/day, and a 48-week follow-up visit were paid. Blood glucose, lipid, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood sugar 2 h after meal (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic (SBP) and diastolic pressure (DBP) were detected for every 8 weeks, and at the 8th, 16th, and 24th week after treatment, up-to-standard HbA1c, LDL-C, SBP, DBP and all of those indexes were recorded, and levels of blood glucose, lipids and blood pressure were compared at different time points. During the treatment and within the 72-week follow-up, cardiovascular events, stroke events, peripheral vascular events and microvascular complications were recorded. And levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), homocysteine (Hcy), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected, and at the 8th, 16th and 24th week after treatment, body mass index (BMI) was recorded. Result:At the 24th week after treatment, the compliance rate of HbA1c in observation group was 81.16%（56/69）, which was higher than 64.71%（44/68） in control group (χ2=4.701, P<0.05), and the compliance rate of SBP was 94.2%（65/69）, which was higher than 82.36%（56/68） in control group (χ2=4.662, P<0.05). At the 16th week and 24th week after treatment, the compliance rate of LDL-C were 79.71%（55/69） and 88.41%（61/69）, which were higher than 63.24%（43/68） and 70.59%（48/68） in control group (χ2=4.5642, χ2=5.108, P<0.05). At the 16th week, the comprehensive compliance rate (blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid) in observation group was 59.42%（41/49）, which was higher than 41.18% （28/68） in control group (χ2=4.559, P<0.05). At the 24th week, the comprehensive compliance rate in observation group was 69.57% （48/69）, which was higher than 51.47% （36/68） in control group (χ2=4.695, P<0.05). At the 16th week, the compliance rate of BMI was 60.87% （42/69）, which was higher than 39.71% （27/68）in control group (χ2=6.136, P<0.05). At the 24th week, the compliance rate of BMI was 72.46% （50/69）, which was higher than 52.94% （36/68） in control group (χ2=5.585, P<0.05). At the 16th week after treatment, levels of 2 h PG and HbA1cin observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). At the 24th week after treatment, levels of FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c, SBP and DBP were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Levels of TNF-α, Hcy, IL-6, hs-CRP and ET-1 were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while level of NO was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). During 72 weeks of observation period, the rate of adverse vascular events in observation group was 13.04%(9/69), which was lower than 30.88%(21/68) in control group (χ2=5.957, P<0.05). Conclusion:In addition to the conventional western medicine therapy, modified Yuquanwan combined with Taohong Siwutang can further control the main cardiovascular risk factors of patients with T2DM, improve the endothelial function of T2DM patients, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and reduce the incidence of adverse vascular events.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical characteristics,aetiology distribution,and metabolic risk parameters of patients with with premature pubarche(PP). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 55 patients affected by PP,who received ACTH stimulation test,and the data were evaluated. Among them 17 cases were detected CYP21 A2 gene,and indicators of lipid metabolism of idiopathic premature adrenarche(IPA,15 cases)and idiopathic premature pubarche(IPP,14 cases)were analyzed. RESULTS: The sample included 55 patients with PP(53 female and 2 male),with a mean pubarche age of(7.2±0.9)years for girls and(7±0.8)years for boys. There was an accelerated bone age(BA/CA ratio>1)(1.20 ± 1.5)in girls. A total of 9 patients were classified as non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia(NCCAH,16.4%),15 as IPA(27.3%),14 as IPP(25.4%),16 as HPGA function launch(29.1%)and 1 with exaggerated adrenarche(EA,1.8%). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic rate of NCCAH between ACTH stimulation test and CYP21 A2 gene detection(P=0.596). The sex hormone binding protein(SHBP)of IPA was reduced(P=0.007). CONCLUSION: The etiology of premature pubarche-non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia(16.4%)is not uncommon. The ACTH stimulation test is useful for the diagnosis of NCCAH,but the sensitivity is not 100%.
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OBJECTIVE: To research an appropriate estrogen therapy for in the pubertal development in Turner syndrome(TS)achievedbyestradiolvalerate.METHODS: In 57 TS girls of no spontaneous puberty or puberty arrest,we retrospectively studied pubertalstageanduterinedimensionduringtheestrogenreplacementtherapy.Datafrompatientrecordswascollected,described thepubertaldevelopingprocedure,and compared in groups which grouped by estrogen dosage to detect an appropriate dosage andthatcanleadabetterbreastanduterinedevelopment.RESULTS: The median age at start of puberty induction was 15.00 years,witharangeof11.5-21.0 years.(1)Breast development:Breast development to Tanner stage B2 was achieved in 0.29(0.25-0.33)years,stage B3 in 0.75(0.46,1.08)years,stage B4 in 2.20(0.92,3.08)years and B5 in 3.67(1.71,4.44)years.(2)Uterine development:The uterine volume and length in TS girls before treatment was 0.51(0.14,0.86)ml and 1.89(1.23,2.18)cm. We groupedthepatientsofTannerstageB2 ingroupsofestrogendosage≤0.5 mg/dand>0.5 mg/d and the uterine dimension and weightshowednodifference.Whenthepatientsweregroupedasgroupsofdosage<1.0 mg/d and group of dosage≥1.0 mg/d in stageB3,the uterine indexes in lower dosage group were less than group with larger dosage. When they were grouped as groups ofdosage<1.5 mg/d and ≥1.5 mg/d,the uterine volume 6.96(3.15-11.00)ml in lower dosage group was smaller than that in group withlargerdosage.CONCLUSION: During estrogen treatment in TS girls,normal breast development can be achieved. In a clinical setting,the uterine volume and length under pubertal induction developed properly with the breast stages progressing. when the breastdevelopedtostageB2,the uterine development was more dependable on estrogen. We recommend a low daily beginning estrogendosageuntilstageB2,which can be increased gradually after B2 to speed up the uterine development.
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@#AIM: To explore the difference of dry eyes between children and adults in terms of symptoms and laboratory examinations.<p>METHODS: Patients in 2018-06/2019-02 with the subjective symptoms of dry eye, and served in Xi'an First Hospital, including 52 children clinic cases(52 eyes)and 55 adult patients cases(55 eyes), all the cases were consulted and examined by slit lamp microscope in anterior segment. Both eyes of tear meniscus height(TMH), the first tear film break-up time(BUTf), the average tear film break-up time(BUTave), lipid layer thickness(LLT)and mesangial gland loss rate were measured by a Keratograph 5M non-invasive ocular surface analyzer.<p>RESULTS: In children, patients' TMH(0.15±0.04mm), BUTf(3.22±1.24s), BUTave(4.27±1.67s), and the rate of meibomian gland loss \〖0.00%(0.00%, 5.03%)\〗 were significantly lower than those in the adult group [0.20±0.05mm, 4.36±1.93s, 5.15±1.49s, 9.90%(5.30%, 18.40%), all <i>P</i><0.01]. The LLT in the children was higher than that of the adult group, and the difference was not statistically significant(72.31±22.20nm <i>vs</i> 68.58±21.05nm, <i>P</i>>0.05). Both groups of patients had positive correlation sympathise with BUTf and BUTave, with no correlation between LLT and meibomian gland loss rate in children(<i>r</i>s=-0.23,<i>P</i>=0.10), and adult group patients with negative correlation of LLT and meibomian gland loss rate(<i>r</i>s=-0.28,<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Children's dry eyes and adult dry eyes in the symptoms, clinical manifestations and examination are different. The main symptom is the increase in the number of blinks. The inspection is mainly characterized by a short BUT. With the decrease of TMH, the rate of meibomian gland loss is relatively insignificant.
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Objective To investigate the vitamin D (VD) level and determinants among young children aged 6 to 23 months in 4 poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province. Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used. 1 255 young children aged 6-23 months from 3 to 4 towns of Jianchuan County, Yiliang County, Mojiang County and Lushui County. Questionnaires on caregivers, physical and serum 25(OH)D measure were achieved. VD level and influencing factors were described and analyzed. Results Overall VD level was 20.6(16.3,25.4) ng/ml. The proportion of VD deficiency, VD insufficiency and VD sufficiency were 7.1%, 39.2% and 53.7% respectively. The risk of VD insufficiency elevated with children’age increasing or no VD supplement (P<0.05). Hani minority can decrease the risk of VD deficiency and insufficiency (all P<0.05). Thus, the risk of VD deficiency and insufficiency in children of female, Lisu or Bai minority, or in children who had no nutritional package supplement would increase (all P<0.05). Conclusions The VD level of children aged 6-23 months in poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province was low. VD insufficiency was dominating. The intervention of VD deficiency and insufficiency may focus on the children of female, Lisu minority, Bai minority or older than 18 months. This study highlight that enhancing caregivers’ knowledge of VD nutrition, adding VD and nutritional package supplement actively are beneficial to improve VD nutrition of young children in minority poverty areas of Yunnan.
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[Objective] To analyze blood lipid and its related factors in Chinese children and adolescents with Turner syndrome.[Methods] The untreated TS patients were divided into two groups according to age (＜11 years old and 11～15 years old) and enrolled two groups of age-matched control girls,blood lipid and the incidence of dyslipidemia were compared between the four groups,the related factors of blood lipid were also analyzed.Moreover,TS patients were divided into two groups according to karyotype,including 45,XO karyotype (55 cases) and other karyotypes (53 cases),blood lipid and the incidence of dyslipidemia in two groups were compared.[Result] Compared to age-matched control girls,TS patients of age 11～15 years group had higher TG levels and higher incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and borderline-hypertriglyceridemia (P＜0.05) and the incidence of borderline-hypercholesterolemia was also significantly higher (P＜0.01).But there were no differences in blood lipid level,incidence of dyslipidemia and the incidence of borerline-dyslipidemia between TS patients who were less than 11 years old and age-matched control girls.Total cholesterol of TS patients was negatively related to bone age (P＜0.05).Triglyceride of TS patients was positively related to waist circumference (P＜0.01).TS patients of 45,XO karyotype had lower TG levels,higher HDL levels and lower incidence of low HDL,borderline-high non-HDL and borderline-hypertriglyceridemia compared with those of other karyotypes (P＜0.05).[Conclusions] Triglyceride in TS patients of age 11-15 years were higher than the control subjects,which may be related to estrogen deficiency and chromosome karyotype.
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[Objective] To investigate the effect of letrozole on the reproductive function and linear growth in the early and mid pubertal boys.[Methods] 43 early and middle pubertal boy with seriously damaged predict adult height,treated with letrozole 1.5 mg/m2/d Po ((＞)2.5mg/d) were enrolled as treatment group.48 cases of healthy pubertal boys were enrolled as control.Growth parameters,sex hormone profiles,IGF-1,AMH and Inhibin B (INHB) were elevated at the beginning and after letrozole treatment.[Results] At baseline,no significant differences appeared in age,bone age,observation time,height for chronological age,height for bone age,midparental target height,BMI,or testis volume between two groups.After intervention,treatment group of bone age delayed,predict adult height increased,testicular volume increased and BMI increased compared with the control group (P=0.001,0.018,0.002,and 0.027,respectively).The serum FSH,△FSH,LH,△LH,LH/FSH,T,and △T in the treatment groups were much higher (all P＜0.001),while the serum E2 and △ E2 levels were obviously lower than the control group (P=0.043 and P=0.033,respectively).17 cases of control group and 13 cases of treatment group had serum AMH,INHB level tested before and after letrozole treatment.Serum AMH level in the control group appeared with a decreasing trend with the progress of puberty,while the treatment group showed the opposite tendency.And the △ AMH was significant difference between control group and treatment group (P＜0.001).The serum INHB in the two groups increased in varying degrees after the intervention,the INHB level in control group increased more than the treatment group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.517).[Conclusion] Letrozole treatment can elevated levels of serum T with E2 reduce,bone age delay,predict adult height improved,and can obviously promote the secondary sex characters development in adolescent boys.And the longer letrozole treatment time,the more obvious growth effect.As to the reproductive function,letrozole may have inhibitory effect on testis maturity and cannot deny testis sertoli cells function affected with letrozole exposure.
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AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Huoxue Huayu Decoction (Angelicae sinensis Radix,Saposhnikoviae Radix,Schizonepetae Herba,etc.) combined with musculus pterygoideus lateralis closure in managing patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJ) due to wind-cold stasis.METHODS From January 2015 to December 2015,68 cases of patients with TMJ due to wind-cold stasis identified and recruited by the department of stomatology of Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly assigned to treatment group and control group,each with 34 cases and given the musculus pterygoideus lateralis closure.But the treatment group was administered with an extra two-week adjuvant therapy of Huoxue Huayu Decoction,and generally one week such medication was taken as a therapeutic course.RESULTS After the intervention,the treatment group presented an overall better performance than the control group in terms of the open limit,NRS score,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);and the values of CMI,PI,DI (P ＜0.05),in contrast to the not significantly varied values between the groups before the intervention (P ＞ 0.05).The treatment group also displayed its advantage if evaluated by TCM criteria,extent of the mandibular movementabnormalities,facial pain,temporomandibular joint sound or noise,irritability,sleeping difficulty,dark purple lips,tongue scores and wind-cold stasis scores (P ＜ 0.05).And generally a remarkably higher total effective rate was observed in the treatment group,and its difference to the control group was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION Huoxue Huayu Decoction combined with conventional western medicinal approach in the management of TMJ due to wind-cold stasis can achieve a better therapeutic efficacy.
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Glyphosate is widely used in agricultural production as an efficient herbicide.At the same time,the residual problems of glyphosate and its potential harm are gradually attracting people′s close attention.In recent years,glyphosate residue detection method has become a research hotspot,fluorescence immunoassay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunosensor are developed rapidly by sensitive,specific and fast characteristics.This paper reviews the immunoassay techniques of glyphosate residue and provides a reference for the rapid detection of glyphosate residue.
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BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis, known as "a quiet epidemic disease", is an "invisible killer" that impairs the health of the elderly. Fracture as the most dangerous complication of osteoporosis is not only a medical problem, but also a serious social problem. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the selection, establishment methods, characters and evaluation of the animal model of osteoporosis. METHODS: A computed-based search of CBM, WanFang, VIP, CNKI and PubMed databases was conducted for the relevant articles published from January 1986 to December 2016 using the keywords of "osteoporosis, animal models" in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 39 articles were included for result analysis after reading the title and abstract. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Animal experiments play an important role in the studies of osteoporosis, so a desirable animal model should hold similarity, reliability, repeatability, applicability, controllability, efficacy and economy. Osteoporosis is a progressive and long-lasting disease that has different characteristics at different stages. But an animal model only simulates one etiology, one stage, major symptoms and pathophysiological changes, and cannot exhibit the whole pathological changes. The current study suggests that animal species and modeling methods can affect the characters of models, and there is a lack of standards for animal age, feeding methods, modeling time and assessment.
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Objective To study the association between Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and chronic obstructive pulmona-ry disease(COPD).Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 130 patients with Hp positive COPD(Hp positive group)and 130 patients with Hp negative COPD(Hp negative group)from August 2015 to October 2016.The patients in the two groups blood gas analysis and lung function.Results The blood oxygen pressure(PaO2)level 62.5 ± 7.4 mmHg and the oxygen saturation(SaO2)86.3%±9.6% in the Hp positive group were lower than those in the Hp negative group (78.6±10.2 mmHg,92.8%±2.9%),(43.3±10.6 mmHg)in Hp positive group was significantly higher than that in Hp negative group(43.2±11.5 mmHg),the difference was statistically significant(t=14.57,7.39 and 9.55,all P<0.01), (FEV1/FVC)(FEV1/FVC)(FEV1/FVC)and FEV1 were the highest in the Hp-positive group(FEV1)(1.56±0.48 L), the first forced expiratory force(1.74±0.32 L,65.9%±5.3% and 58.2%±5.6%),the difference was statistically signifi-cant(t=3.56,12.42,16.41,all P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01).Conclusion Hp in-fection was closely related to COPD,which may be an important factor involved in and aggravate COPD disease.
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Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease caused by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated whether genetic variability in protocadherin related 15 (PCDH15) underlies an increased susceptibility to the development of NIHL in a Chinese population. The results showed that compared with the TT genotype of rs11004085, CT/CC genotypes were associated with an increased risk of NIHL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-6.11, P = 0.024]. Additionally, significant interactions between the rs11004085 and rs978842 genetic variations and noise exposure were observed in the high-level exposure groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the risk haplotype TAGCC was observed when combined with higher levels of noise exposure (P < 0.05). Thus, our study confirms that genetic variations in PCDH15 modify the susceptibility to NIHL development in humans.
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Humans , Cadherins , Genetics , China , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Variation , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced , Epidemiology , Genetics , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Discusses the distributive characters of the Creatine Kinase MM (CKMM) gene A/G Polymorphism in XinjiangUyghur, One hundred and fourtheen athletes and 441 general population of Uyghur were involved in the study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The CKMM gene A/G frequency in Uyghur general population was(AA, AG and GG) 0.497, 0.392 and 0.111, the result test by Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium and x² = 2.72, P = 0.1, df = 2, indicated that the control group had representative. (2) AA, AG and GG genotype frequency of power-oriented athlete respectively was 0.442,0.302 and 0.256, frequency of GG genotype and G allele was higher than the control group, there were significant differences compared to thecontrol( P < 0.05, df = 2); (3) A/G genotype frequency of Endurance-oriented athletere spectively was 0.571, 0.400 and 0.029, there were nosignificant differences compared to the controls ( P > 0. 05, df = 2). (4) A/G genotype frequency of Uyghur soccer athletes respectively was0.472, 0.361 and 0.167, G allele was higher than the Endurance-oriented athlete and lower than the power-oriented athletes. and no significant differences compared to the controls( P > 0.05, df = 2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results indicate that the CKMM gene GG genotype and G alleleare represented in power-oriented athletes, but don't find A/G polymorphism correlation with endurance and the football sport performance.</p>
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Humans , Alleles , Asian People , Genetics , Athletes , Athletic Performance , China , Creatine Kinase, MM Form , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Physical Endurance , Genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To prepare high drug loading glaucocalyxin A (GLA) nanosuspensions and study their properties in vitro. METHODS: Using solvent precipitation combined with high pressure homogenization method, the GLA nanosuspensions were successfully prepared with PLGA-PEG-PLGA block copolymer being a stabilizer. The particle size of the resultant nanosuspensions was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), their morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the crystalline state of GLA in the nanosuspensions was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the in vitro release of GLA nanosuspensions was investigated using dialysis method. The in vitro anticancer cytotoxic activity of free GLA solution and GLA nanosuspensions against a gastric cancer cell line (BGC cells) and a hepatic cancer cell line (HepG-2 cells) were performed using MTT assay. RESULTS: GLA Nanosuspensions showed a mean particle size of (222.6±4.32) nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of (0.237±0.016) and a Zeta potential of (-11.5±0.954) mV. The average entrapment efficiency was (69.11±3.02)% and the average drug loading was (40.67±2.45)%. The particles in the nanosuspensions were spherical with smooth surface and u-nilorm size distribution, and displayed sustained release in vitro. GLA nanosuspensions showed significant higher cytotoxicity than free GLA against BGC cells (IC50 value 0.784 μg·ml-1 vs. 1.658 μg·mL-1) and HepG2 cells (IC50 value 12.4 μg·mL-1 vs. 6.44 μg·mL-1). CONCLUSION: High drug loading GLA nanosuspensions are successfully prepared and well characterized in vitro. The resultant nanoparticles can efficiently enhance the antitumor activity of GLA and thus can be used as a suitable dosage form in this respect.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the associations of pedestrian injuries with age, income and educational level in Shanghai and to analyze the relative disease burden.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Information on pedestrian-related cases and deaths were collected from 494 hospitals and mortality registry systems from 1992 to 2010, and a multistage cluster sampling survey conducted in 2006. Logistic regression model was used in the analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age group of 5-9 had the highest mortality and morbidity among children. Mortality increased obviously among those aged 60 or above. Individuals with an educational level under the primary school and with the lower family average income were more likely to suffer pedestrian-related injuries. Multivariate Logistic analysis demonstrated that lower income and lower educational level increased the risk of pedestrian injuries with the odds ratio of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.15-1.71) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.20-2-40), respectively. About 13.54% of the share of GDP for the healthcare, social security and welfare industries in Shanghai was occupied by the burden of pedestrian-related injuries in 2006.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pedestrian-related injury has inverse association with victims' income and educational level. Children of 5-9 years old and adults over 60 with lower educational level and lower monthly income are the target persons to be intervened.</p>